DOE Part III-LED产品测试流程标准翻译：Page-06~07
D. 所采用的寿命测量方法Adopted Approach for Lifetime Measurements在2015年7月的SNOPR中，DOE提出了一个新的测试程序，用于测量和预测LED灯的失效时间，解决了许多利益相关者对2014年6月和寿命SNOPR提案的担忧。新建议主要基于IES LM-84-14和IES TM-28-14行业标准，并提供了一个简单、直接和灵活的测试程序。80 FR at 39651. IES LM-84-14提供了一种测量集成LED灯的流明维持率的方法，并规定了测试期间的操作和环境条件，如操作周期、环境温度、气流和方向。
In the July 2015 SNOPR, DOE proposed a new test procedure for measuring and projecting the time to failure of LED lamps that addressed many of the stakeholder concerns received regarding the June 2014 and lifetime SNOPR proposals. The new proposal was largely based on the IES LM–84–14 and IES TM–28–14 industry standards, and provided a simple, straightforward, and flexible test procedure. 80 FR at 39651. IES LM–84– 14 provides a method for lumen maintenance measurement of integrated LED lamps and specifies the operational and environmental conditions during testing such as operating cycle, ambient temperature, airflow, and orientation.
流明维持率是指在经过一段工作时间后的流明输出的测量，以初始流明输出的百分比表示。IES TM-28-14提供了预测集成LED灯的流明维持率的方法，这取决于现有的数据和测试时间。能源部确定IES TM-28-14中的寿命预测方法将导致比2014年6月和寿命SNOPR建议，能源之星灯具规范V1.1,11和能源之星灯具规范V2.0 10（当它要求遵守时）更准确的寿命预测，因为IES TM-28-14指定了一种方法，使用在一段时间内收集的多个流明维护测量来预测故障时间，而不是在测试时间结束时的单一测量。80 FR at 39646-39647. 这些要求，以及能源部提出的任何修改，将在III.D.1至III.D.4部分进一步讨论。
Lumen maintenance is the measure of lumen output after an elapsed operating time, expressed as a percentage of the initial lumen output. IES TM–28–14 provides methods for projecting the lumen maintenance of integrated LED lamps depending on the available data and test duration. DOE determined that the lifetime projection method in IES TM–28–14 would lead to more accurate lifetime projections than the June 2014 and lifetime SNOPR proposals, ENERGY STAR Lamps Specification V1.1,11 and ENERGY STAR Lamps Specification V2.0 10 (when it requires compliance) because IES TM–28–14 specifies a method that projects time to failure using multiple lumen maintenance measurements collected over a period of time, rather than a single measurement at the end of the test duration. 80 FR at 39646–39647. These requirements, and any modifications proposed by DOE, are further discussed in sections III.D.1 through III.D.4.
1. 测试条件 Test Conditions
在2015年7月的SNOPR中，DOE建议在流明输出测量之间的灯管运行条件应符合IES LM-84-14第4.0节的规定，并进行一些修改。IES LM-84-14第4.0节的规定，并作了一些修改。LED灯的流明输出会随着环境温度的变化和LED灯周围的空气流动而变化。然而，为了减少测试负担，DOE建议在不进行测量时，所需的工作条件（如环境温度）应小于一串。测定时要求的操作条件（如环境温度）应低于进行光度测定时的要求。IES LM-84-14中概述的测试条件经修改后，可确保可靠、可重复和一致的测试结果，而不会造成重大测试负担。80 FR at 39650-36951. 这些条件将在下面的段落中进一步详细讨论。
In the July 2015 SNOPR, DOE proposed that the conditions for lamp operation between lumen output measurements be as specified in section
4.0 of IES LM–84–14, with some modifications. Lumen output of LED lamps can vary with changes in ambient temperature and air movement around the LED lamp. However, to reduce test burden, DOE proposed that the operating conditions (e.g., ambient temperature) required while
measurements are not being taken be less stringent than those required when taking photometric measurements. The test conditions outlined in IES LM–84– 14, as modified, ensure reliable, repeatable, and consistent test results without significant test burden. 80 FR at 39650–36951. These conditions are discussed in further detail in the paragraphs that follow.
具体而言，能源部讨论了参考IES LM-84-14的第4.1节，其中规定LED灯应按照制造商的说明进行处理，并在流明输出测量和维护测试之前进行检查和清洁。IES LM-84-14的第4.1节进一步指出，不寻常的环境条件，如加热、通风和空调系统的热干扰或太阳能负荷，应减少到合理预期的水平，以尽量减少影响。
Specifically, DOE discussed referencing section 4.1 of IES LM–84– 14, which specifies that LED lamps should be handled according to the manufacturer’s instructions and should be checked and cleaned prior to lumen output measurement and maintenance testing. Section 4.1 of IES LM–84–14 further states that unusual environmental conditions, such as thermal interference from heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems or solar loading, are to be reduced to levels reasonably expected to minimize influence.
能源部还建议采用IES LM- 84-14第4.2节中的说明，其中指出灯管应按照制造商的规格进行安装。
制造商的规格。DOE对此进行了扩展，建议如果灯可以在多个方向运行，那么在整个测试过程中，应将相同数量的LED灯放置在基座向上和基座向下的方向，但如果制造商限制了位置，则应在制造商指定的位置进行测试。
DOE also proposed to adopt the instructions in section 4.2 of IES LM– 84–14, which state that the lamp should be mounted in accordance with
manufacturer specifications. DOE expanded on this, proposing that if lamps can operate in multiple orientations, an equal number of LED lamps should be positioned in the baseup and base-down orientations throughout testing, but that if the manufacturer restricts the position, the units should be tested in the manufacturer-specified position.
此外，能源部建议纳入IES LM-84-14的第4.4节，其中规定光度测量应在环境温度为25℃±5℃时进行。在流明维护测试期间，环境温度的公差为5℃是切实可行的，限制了环境温度的影响，而且不会造成负担。IES LM-84-14的第4.4节还指出，必须用足够数量的位置适当的温度测量点来监测工作环境的温度变化，而且用于测量的传感器必须被遮挡住，以避免灯或任何其他来源的直接光辐射，从而减少辐射热对环境温度测量的影响。IES LM-84-14的第4.4节进一步指出，如果环境温度超出允许的范围，则必须终止流明维持测试。这种测量和控制环境温度的设置将导致适当的测试条件，因为灯将在室温和最常用于测试灯技术的环境中进行测试。同上
In addition, DOE proposed to include section 4.4 of IES LM–84–14, which specifies that photometric measurements should be taken at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C. A tolerance of 5 °C for the ambient temperature during lumen maintenance testing is practical, limits the impact of ambient temperature, and is not burdensome. Section 4.4 of IES LM–84– 14 also indicates that the temperature variation of the operating environment must be monitored with a sufficient number of appropriately located temperature measurement points, and that the sensors used for measurements must be shielded from direct optical radiation from the lamp or any other source to reduce the impact of radiated heat on the ambient temperature measurement. Section 4.4 of IES LM– 84–14 further states that if the ambient temperature falls outside the allowed range, the lumen maintenance test must be terminated. This setup for measuring and controlling ambient temperature would result in appropriate testing conditions as the lamp would be tested at room temperature and in an environment that is used most commonly for testing lamp technologies. Id
DOE讨论了要求LED灯周围的振动和空气流动应符合IES LM-84-14第4.3和4.6节的规定，其中要求LED灯在操作或处理过程中不要受到过度的振动或冲击，并尽量减少LED灯周围的空气流动。这也是相关行业标准对其他类型灯管（如GSFL）的测试设置的要求，并将确保LED灯管测量的一致性。能源部还建议，在流明维持测试期间，LED灯周围环境的湿度应保持在65%以下，如IES LM-84-14第4.5节规定。同上。DOE没有收到任何关于确定寿命时的拟议测试条件的意见，因此采用了本最终规则中的描述。
DOE discussed requiring that vibration and air movement around the LED lamp be as specified in sections 4.3 and 4.6 of IES LM–84–14, which require that the LED lamps not be subjected to excessive vibration or shock during operation or handling, and that the air flow surrounding the LED lamp be minimized. This is a requirement in relevant industry standards for the test setup of other lamp types such as GSFLs, and would ensure consistent LED lamp measurements. DOE also proposed that humidity of the environment around the LED lamp shall be maintained to less than 65 percent relative humidity during the lumen maintenance test as specified in section 4.5 of IES LM–84–14. Id. DOE did not receive any comments on the proposed test conditions when determining lifetime and therefore adopts them as described in this final rule.
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